Subgroup analysis demonstrated that only RDTs targeting Pf-specific histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)/pan-specific lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) could detect a significantly higher proportion of Plasmodium mixed infections than microscopy (p = 0.004, OR = 8.46, 95% CI 2.75–26.1). Overall, the meta-analysis showed that RDTs could detect a significantly higher proportion of Plasmodium mixed infections than microscopy (p = 0.0007, OR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.66–6.68). Twenty-eight studies were included in the present study. Plots were drawn using RevMan (version 5.3 Cochrane Community). The estimates of the different proportions in each analysis group that were visually summarized in a forest plot showed the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Studies were grouped according to the different RDT types including RDT type 2 (pf-HRP2/pan-aldolase), RDT type 3 (pf-HRP2/pan-pLDH), RDT type 4 (Pf-LDH/pan-pLDH), RDT type 5 (Pf/Pv-pLDH), and RDT type 6 (pf-HRP2/Pv-pLDH) for subgroup analysis. The PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically reviewed to identify related studies that reported the performance of RDTs in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the discordant results between RDTs and microscopy/polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections. Nevertheless, little is known about the performance of RDTs in detecting Plasmodium mixed infections. – A line in “C” and a line in “T” on the cassette means that you have falciparum malaria.Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are widely used to detect malaria parasites among patients who suspected malaria infections in malaria-endemic areas where microscopy is unavailable. – The test is read according to the instructions. – The sample is placed on a designated spot on the RDT cassette and so is the buffer. – He will prick your finger with a lancet and draw out blood with a pipette. – Putting on a pair of disposable gloves, the technician will clean your finger with an alcohol swab. – He will open the kit and take out the contents. – The technician will check the expiry date of the kit. In a professional setting, the following steps will be followed. This test can be performed in the house setting also but you need to read the instructions on the kit very carefully before you proceed with it. – Test strips (available as dipstick/cassette) – A buffer (supplied in a single bottle or dropper vial) A rapid diagnostic kit is available in all stores and is stocked in the government hospitals as well. It can be performed in a diagnostic center, in a hospital, a doctor’s office or even in the comfort and privacy of your own home. knowlesi carries the gravest risk of serious multiorgan morbidity.Ī malaria antigen test is performed as an outpatient procedure. While infection with any of the species mentioned above, if left untreated, can cause severe illness and death, infection by P. They multiply inside these cells, which rupture within 48 to 72 hours, causing most of the symptoms of malaria to manifest. After an incubation period of 1-4 weeks, the parasites enter your red blood cells (RBCs). When you are bitten by an infected mosquito, the parasites enter the bloodstream and travel to the liver. – Sharing of contaminated needles or syringes (as is common among drug addicts) – A pregnant woman to her baby during pregnancy or delivery These are-Īpart from the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito, malaria can also be infrequently transmitted by. There are 5 species of the parasite Plasmodium which can lead to malaria. If untreated, malaria can lead to severe morbidity, but a timely diagnosis and intervention can lead to a speedy recovery with almost no sequelae. Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito which transmits the protozoa Plasmodium into your blood stream.
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